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Friday, May 9, 2014

Stepping on Tender Buttons: “A Sound.", “A Table.", “Shoes." Part 2 of 2

BUTTONS BOX AS PIÑATA

THE BOOK ..........................-           TENDER BUTTONS
THE SUBBOOK ...................-           OBJECTS
THE SUBPOEM ...................-          A SOUND: NUMBER 47
WORD COUNT......................-           18
STANZA(S)............................-           1
THE SUBPOEM ...................-          A TABLE: NUMBER 48
WORD COUNT......................-           63
STANZA(S)............................-           2
THE SUBPOEM ...................-          SHOES: NUMBER 49
WORD COUNT......................-           42
STANZA(S)............................-           2
THE LEADER........................-           THE STEINY ROAD POET
CO-LLABORATORS..............-           MODPO STUDENTS/THE BUTTONS
GENRE..................................-           VIRTUAL OPERA
LOCATION............................-USA, UK, Australia, Philippines, S. Africa, Canada.
TIME......................................-           ALL HOURS OF EARTH’S CLOCK
TONE.....................................-           OSCILLATING

I suppose the reason so many people dislike Stein's language is that she doesn't use any of the ‘dampers’ to which we are socially accustomed.” Eleanor Smagarinsky

I think Stein is giving us a peephole through the wall.” Karren Alenier

A SOUND.

Elephant beaten with candy and little pops and chews all bolts and reckless reckless rats, this is this.

A TABLE.

A table means does it not my dear it means a whole steadiness. Is it likely that a change.

A table means more than a glass even a looking glass is tall. A table means necessary places and a revision a revision of a little thing it means it does mean that there has been a stand, a stand where it did shake.

SHOES.

To be a wall with a damper a stream of pounding way and nearly enough choice makes a steady midnight. It is pus.

A shallow hole rose on red, a shallow hole in and in this makes ale less. It shows shine.

While Stepping on Tender Buttons: “A Sound.", “ATable.", “Shoes." Part 1 of 2 dealt more with items of the physical world (such as animals, human body image, what sounds we imagine we hear from household objects, the physics of oscillation), Stepping on Tender Buttons: “A Sound.", “A Table.", “Shoes." Part 2 of 2 deals heavily with things of the mind—philosophy, creative property (like The Red Shoes and Le Sacre du printemps) and writerly techniques.

THE ESSENCE OF TABLE-NESS

Eleanor Smagarinsky kicked the discussion into a higher plane by discussing tables that vary in the number of legs they stand on and their variety of uses but then moved into a metaphysical discussion that employs tables and chairs to define reality and existence. She said “Philosophers discuss existentialism by using tables and chairs as examples” and then pointed to work by Sir Arthur Eddington who said two kinds of tables come to mind: the common sense table and the scientific table. Eleanor proceeded with a survey of tables in Section 1 “Objects” of Tender Buttons. What follows are excerpts from several subpoems with commentary from Steiny.


The change of color is likely and a difference a very little difference is prepared. Sugar is not a vegetable

A cushion has that cover. Supposing you do not like to change, supposing it is very clean that there is no change in appearance, supposing that there is regularity and a costume is that any the worse than an oyster and an exchange. Come to season that is there any extreme use in feather and cotton. Is there not much more joy in a table and more chairs and very likely roundness and a place to put them............

[Could that joy in a table and more chairs be about a renewed interest in living? That Stein has found love (sugar that is not a vegetable) and now sees what exists right in front of her in a domestic scene of furniture, which is re-emphasized in “A Table.”.]



More of double. 

A place in no new table...........

[In discussing “A Piece of Coffee.”, Eleanor and Steiny saw the “Coffee” table as a coming together place. Here in “A Table.”, Stein emphasizes stability and what can be seen as if this is a makeup table where one sees one’s self (more of double).]


Dirt and not copper makes a color darker. It makes the shape so heavy and makes no melody harder. 

It makes mercy and relaxation and even a strength to spread a table fuller. There are more places not empty. They see cover. 

[Periodic Table—a list of chemical elements—comes up in discussing “Dirt and Not Copper.”.  Over time, that table expanded as more discoveries of chemical elements were made. In “A Table.”, Stein weaves in hints of union with Alice Toklas (my dear, change, a revision of a little thing), such that one could stretch the periodic table to the monthly flow of womanly blood (period) and childbirth (a little thing).]


A large box is handily made of what is necessary to replace any substance. Suppose an example is necessary, the plainer it is made the more reason there is for some outward recognition that there is a result. 

A box is made sometimes and them to see to see to it neatly and to have the holes stopped up makes it necessary to use paper. 

A custom which is necessary when a box is used and taken is that a large part of the time there are three which have different connections. The one is on the table. The two are on the table. The three are on the table. The one, one is the same length as is shown by the cover being longer. The other is different there is more cover that shows it. The other is different and that makes the corners have the same shade the eight are in singular arrangement to make four necessary..........

[Philosophic argument seems to open the first three stanzas of subpoem 11 “A Box.” and its table-ness with its count of three is ponderous. So ponderous is this subpoem that Tracy Sonafelt saw this box as Tender Buttons and the table as the three-parts of Tender Buttons. What seems to be happening in “A Table.” is that Stein is announcing a writerly change, in fact, a more radical change coming with a birth (revision of a little thing) of new strategy that shakes the stability of the table the reader has become familiar with.]


A widow in a wise veil and more garments shows that shadows are even. It addresses no more, it shadows the stage and learning. A regular arrangement, the severest and the most preserved is that which has the arrangement not more than always authorised. 

A suitable establishment, well housed, practical, patient and staring, a suitable bedding, very suitable and not more particularly than complaining, anything suitable is so necessary........

[As Eleanor has pointed out chairs are companions to tables. Of all the furniture Stein chose to emphasize (and shall Steiny point out there is no subpoem for the bed, chest of drawers, buffet, lamp, etc.), chairs were a big and suitable topic about which the Buttons found an extraordinary number of things to discuss.

In Steinian analysis the word suitable can be broken into sui + table. The root of table is board. The root of suit is to follow. Sui brings to mind the Latin phrase sui generis, which means one of a kind and sui means of its own. Therefore sui-table might be thought to indicate a board of its own, where Stein is emphasizing that companionable chair that fits with a table that is not mentioned because it is a given. In the same way, “A Table.” points to its companion without naming it.]

OH THOSE BLOODY SHOES

Eleanor took the lead on “Shoes.” in her usual Joy-I-Dance (Jouissance) gusto. She said:

Karren, the minute you mentioned dance, I thought of ballet shoes. Bloody toes under the soft pink slippers, pounding away. And the story of ‘The Red Shoes’—in all its horrifying glory!!

“The perfect fit [for a pointe shoe is vital...especially if you're Cinderella after midnight, hehe.”

Eleanor also pointed out the association with the scandalous Le Sacre du printemps (The Rite of Spring), which also features a young woman who dances herself to death, though in Le Sacre, the woman is a sacrifice during the spring ceremonies to ensure a successful planting season. The Buttons saw association with this ballet in their discussion of “In Between.  In “Modernism and Primitivism: Music,” a paper by M. Wollaeger, Eleanor highlights the following comment about Stein as well as comments made by Stein in The Autobiography of Alice B. Toklas:


Thursday, May 8, 2014

Stepping on Tender Buttons: “A Sound.", “A Table.", “Shoes." Part 1 of 2


BUTTONS BOX AS PIÑATA

THE BOOK ..........................-           TENDER BUTTONS
THE SUBBOOK ...................-           OBJECTS
THE SUBPOEM ...................-          A SOUND: NUMBER 47
WORD COUNT......................-           18
STANZA(S)............................-           1
THE SUBPOEM ...................-          A TABLE: NUMBER 48
WORD COUNT......................-           63
STANZA(S)............................-           2
THE SUBPOEM ...................-          SHOES: NUMBER 49
WORD COUNT......................-           42
STANZA(S)............................-           2
THE LEADER........................-           THE STEINY ROAD POET
CO-LLABORATORS..............-           MODPO STUDENTS/THE BUTTONS
GENRE..................................-           VIRTUAL OPERA
LOCATION............................-USA, UK, Australia, Philippines, S. Africa, Canada.
TIME......................................-           ALL HOURS OF EARTH’S CLOCK
TONE.....................................-           OSCILLATING

“Perhaps this poem is all about swapping words, elephant and rat? Stein swaps constantly, back and forth, oscillating between our comfortable knowledge of language and her new creations. Is she l'enfant terrible? The reckless elephant? Artistic genius? Or a rat? Ha!” Eleanor Smagarinsky

“Should we be seeing that there is an enfant terrible in the room?” Peter Treanor

A SOUND.

Elephant beaten with candy and little pops and chews all bolts and reckless reckless rats, this is this.

A TABLE.

A table means does it not my dear it means a whole steadiness. Is it likely that a change.

A table means more than a glass even a looking glass is tall. A table means necessary places and a revision a revision of a little thing it means it does mean that there has been a stand, a stand where it did shake.

SHOES.

To be a wall with a damper a stream of pounding way and nearly enough choice makes a steady midnight. It is pus.

A shallow hole rose on red, a shallow hole in and in this makes ale less. It shows shine.

In this Tender Buttons discussion, the Buttons Collective has gone beyond the pleasure principle—again. This truth comes from the Twentieth century French philosopher Jacques Lacan who named this overly ecstatic state of being Jouissance. It’s a temporary state (usually) of derangement where pleasure crosses the line into pain. For the Buttons, this has manifested in jetlag without jet—members ignore the basic needs of sleep and eating (maybe other primal needs too?) to get online from their geographic locations and catch other members of the collective as the study session ramps up into high gear with hilarious and serious insights about the puzzling Steinian code. Peter Treanor quipped anagrammatically—Joy I Dance!

The Steiny Road Poet stumbled across Jouissance in reading Ellen E. Berry’s Curved Thought and Textual Wandering: Gertrude Stein’s Postmodernism. Steiny’s discovery happened moments before Peter saw that the elephant in the room, already translated by Eleanor Smagarinsky, was Stein herself—l’enfant terrible. However, Peter went on to say [anagrammatically] that the reckless rats might be the reckless arts. Steiny is just giving you, Dear Reader, a preview of this heady exchange. Stay tuned.

Among the associations made in this discussion for these subpoems, either generally or specific to one of the subpoems, are: soundtalk (e.g. train noise that says “I think I can”), cheerleading, circus, zoo, barnyard, piñata, child’s play, relationships, eroticism, Aesop fable of the elephant and rat, body image and fatness, inn culture, The Red Shoes, Sacre du Printemps, gardening. Additionally, the Buttons used some of these concepts to enhance the study: oscillation and exchange, choreography, anagrams, homophones, mixing of high and low culture, design (furniture), table-ness, linguistic dampers.


SOUNDTALK—WHAT OBJECTS SAY


Sometimes the way we understand what came before—as in Tender Buttons, published in 1914—is by something we know now. Referring to “The Language of Things in the House” by Lydia Davis (published in Five Dials, Issue31), Eleanor said:


“It occurred to me that Stein may be writing out the sound of household objects in the same way [as Lydia Davis]. Perhaps Stein is teaching the reader that objects can be described via sounds. After all, we have five senses for a reason—all of them should be used when writing.”

Here is an excerpt:
THE LANGUAGE OF THINGS IN THE HOUSE
by Lydia Davis

The washing machine in spin cycle: ‘Pakistáni, Pakistáni.’
The washing machine agitating (slow): ‘Firefighter, firefighter, firefighter, firefighter.’
Plates rattling in the rack of the dishwasher: ‘Neglected.’
The glass blender knocking on the bottom of the metal sink: ‘Cumberland.’
Pots and dishes rattling in the sink: ‘Tobacco, tobacco.’
The wooden spoon in the plastic bowl stirring the pancake mix: ‘What the hell, what the hell.’

Eleanor continued, “Could it be that subliminally we are hearing words and phrases all the time? These words and phrases must be lingering in the upper part of our subconscious, readily available. Almost always, there has to be something hollow involved: a resonating chamber."

Karren Alenier [a.k.a. Steiny] answered immediately:

“Yes, Eleanor! Whenever I read the first words Elephant beaten with candy, I hear [in my resonating chamber: the head] the sound of an elephant trumpeting. It makes me think of the noises at a circus where one eats cotton candy, has a little soda pop, and other chewy things like a caramel apple on a stick and you swish through the sawdust thrown down on the performance space, which the audience must tramp through to get to their bleacher seats.

“I hear reckless reckless rats as "rah, rah, rah" like cheerleading.

“Let’s think about oscillation, conjoining and control. How do Stein's word come together and spread apart with vibration, given whatever controls the reader puts on the text?”


ELEPHANT AND RAT SWAPPING

Eleanor responded:

“Well, gosh, I just meditated on the sound of elephant, and it sounds like un enfant. Most pleasing, as it reminds me of the phrase like taking candy from a baby. I would take candy from a baby by swapping it with something else—this is this.

“Perhaps this poem is all about swapping words, elephant and rat? Stein swaps constantly, back and forth, oscillating between our comfortable knowledge of language and her new creations. Is she l'enfant terrible? [Is she] the reckless elephant? Artistic genius? Or a rat?! Ha!!!”


Friday, May 2, 2014

Stepping on Tender Buttons: “A Little Called Pauline.” Part 2 of 2

SPATS & LACE IN THE BUTTONS BOX

THE BOOK ..........................-           TENDER BUTTONS
THE SUBBOOK ...................-           OBJECTS
THE SUBPOEM ...................-          ALITTLE CALLED PAULINE: NUMBER 46
WORD COUNT......................-           182
STANZA(S)............................-           11
THE LEADER........................-           THE STEINY ROAD POET
CO-LLABORATORS..............-           MODPO STUDENTS/THE BUTTONS
GENRE..................................-           VIRTUAL OPERA
LOCATION............................-USA, UK, Australia, Philippines, S. Africa, Canada.
TIME......................................-           ALL HOURS OF EARTH’S CLOCK
TONE.....................................-           FANCIFUL

“Does anyone else see that 'shudders' minus the 'sh' is 'udders'?” Sarah Maitland Parks

“In fairy sea, I heard Pharisee.” The Steiny Road Poet

"Apollinaire sounds like A-Pauline-heir, heir to St. Paul?" Peter Treanor


A LITTLE CALLED PAULINE.

A little called anything shows shudders.

Come and say what prints all day. A whole few water-melon. There is no pope.

No cut in pennies and little dressing and choose wide soles and little spats really little spices.

A little lace makes boils. This is not true.

Gracious of gracious and a stamp a blue green white bow a blue green lean, lean on the top.

If it is absurd then it is leadish and nearly set in where there is a tight head.

A peaceful life to arise her, moon and moon and moon. A letter a cold sleeve a blanket a shaving house and nearly the best and regular window.

Nearer in fairy sea, nearer and farther, show white has lime in sight, show a stitch of ten. Count, count more so that thicker and thicker is leaning.

I hope she has her cow. Bidding a wedding, widening received treading, little leading, mention nothing.

Cough out cough out in the leather and really feather it is not for.

Please could, please could, jam it not plus more sit in when.


BABY WITH NO POPE

Connecting to associations about Pauline and Marie Laurencin discussed in Stepping on Tender Buttons: “A Little Called Pauline.” Part 1 of 2, came the association of childbirth.

from Eleanor Smagarinsky:

Hmmmm....
“Looking at that list of verbs, above....[see the end of Stepping on Tender Buttons: “A Little Called Pauline.” Part 1 of 2]
I can't help but feel that a baby is being born. A little girl or little boy, who receives a name, but has no pope (Papa).

“There's even mention of counting and ten—full cervical dilation. And that tight head. Nearer and further...in sight...and perhaps even an episiotomy (a stitch)? 
[Could this be] The birth of a new artistic age? 

“Birds don't only fly with those feathers, they also feather their nests. Those Roc birds in "Sinbad the Sailor" had an egg. [The mythological Roc bird was mentioned in Apollinaire’s poem “Zone” which was  quoted in Stepping on Tender Buttons: “A Little Called Pauline.” Part 1 of 2,] You can't fly around with your egg, you have to sit on it until it hatches.”



from Peter Treanor:

“Yes I can see a birth here too. I have been wondering if "A Little Called Pauline." could refer to something small (a child?) named (called ) by Pauline, so could maybe this could be Marie (Laurencin).

from Eleanor:

"’A little,’ called Pauline.

“Is that what you mean? Gosh, speech in a button-poem. How exciting!

“Makes sense, thematically, what with Genesis describing creation as a product of God's speech:

And God said, “Let there be light,” and there was light.  God saw that the light was good, and he separated the light from the darkness.  God called the light “day,” and the darkness he called “night.” And there was evening, and there was morning—the first day.

“What about taking it a step further...Pauline is declaring the first letter of the alphabet ‘a little’ which is a, as compared to ‘a big’ which is A. And later on Stein writes "A letter a", which pleases me greatly. And of course there's a sea—C. But what does she have against B? B is for boils, oh... if you say boils, boils, boils, quickly it sounds like boys!!

“A little ace makes boys (but it's not true)??” [A little lace makes boils. This is not true.]

from Karren Alenier [a.k.a. The Steiny Road Poet]

“I'm thinking some of the language might be caused by having anesthesia—e.g. the last line. Please could, please could, jam it not plus more sit in when.  

“But so much of this is drunk talk. 

“Let me see if I can better explain the drunk talk that might be drugged talk as if one has been drugged to have a baby or maybe the woman is just delirious.
A little baby called anything comes with bloody shows and gives me shudders.
Come and say what imprints (makes a strong impression)  all day—A child, A whole few water-melon (the pregnant mother's stomach). There is no pope (no father).
No cut in pennies and little dressing and choose wide soles and little spats really little spices.  (The mother who has to pay her own way is concerned about what the baby will cost her. She only has pennies.)
A little lace makes boils. This is not true. (The mother is confused and contradicts herself.)
Gracious of gracious and a stamp a blue green white bow a blue green lean, lean on the top. (The mother calls on God--gracious of gracious, to help her.)
If it is absurd then it is leadish and nearly set in where there is a tight head. (The mother is trying to push but the weight of the baby's head seems stuck.)
A peaceful life to arise her, moon and moon and moon. A letter a cold sleeve a blanket a shaving house and nearly the best and regular window. (The mother had a peaceful life but was often awakened by the moon during pregnancy. The father of the child doesn't respond to her letters and gives her the cold shoulder and now she has been prepared for this birth in a room where she can still see the moon.)
Nearer in fairy sea, nearer and farther, show white has lime in sight, show a stitch of ten. Count, count more so that thicker and thicker is leaning. (The mother's waters breaks, she has counted her breathing—she awaits the episiotomy.)
I hope she has her cow. Bidding a wedding, widening received treading, little leading, mention nothing. (The narrator of the poem hopes all goes well and she has the child--cow. She could not make the wedding happen, she just has to tread these troubled waters and say nothing.)
The poem ends with trying to take some action to speed along the birth and then just babbles.”
Cough out cough out in the leather and really feather it is not for.
Please could, please could, jam it not plus more sit in when.


BURSTING THE IMAGINATION: ANOTHER KIND OF BIRTH

Peter ratcheted up the human birth association to a burst of the imagination.

Thursday, May 1, 2014

Stepping on Tender Buttons: “A Little Called Pauline.” Part 1 of 2

SPATS & LACE IN THE BUTTONS BOX

THE BOOK ..........................-           TENDER BUTTONS
THE SUBBOOK ...................-           OBJECTS
THE SUBPOEM ...................-          A LITTLE CALLED PAULINE: NUMBER 46
WORD COUNT......................-           182
STANZA(S)............................-           11
THE LEADER........................-           THE STEINY ROAD POET
CO-LLABORATORS..............-           MODPO STUDENTS/THE BUTTONS
GENRE..................................-           VIRTUAL OPERA
LOCATION............................-USA, UK, Australia, Philippines, S. Africa, Canada.
TIME......................................-           ALL HOURS OF EARTH’S CLOCK
TONE.....................................-           FANCIFUL

Has Stein taken little things from Apollinaire's work, and incorporated them into her own cubist portrait?” Eleanor Smagarinsky

A LITTLE CALLED PAULINE.

A little called anything shows shudders.

Come and say what prints all day. A whole few water-melon. There is no pope.

No cut in pennies and little dressing and choose wide soles and little spats really little spices.

A little lace makes boils. This is not true.

Gracious of gracious and a stamp a blue green white bow a blue green lean, lean on the top.

If it is absurd then it is leadish and nearly set in where there is a tight head.

A peaceful life to arise her, moon and moon and moon. A letter a cold sleeve a blanket a shaving house and nearly the best and regular window.

Nearer in fairy sea, nearer and farther, show white has lime in sight, show a stitch of ten. Count, count more so that thicker and thicker is leaning.

I hope she has her cow. Bidding a wedding, widening received treading, little leading, mention nothing.

Cough out cough out in the leather and really feather it is not for.

Please could, please could, jam it not plus more sit in when.




“A Little Called Pauline.” is a big subpoem of the “Objects” section of Tender Buttons, not just for its size: eleven stanzas and 182 words, but also for its scope of possible meaning and methods. While larger subpoems of Section 1 “Objects” have preceded “Pauline.”— “A Substance in a Cushion.” (470 words),  A Piece of Coffee.” (300 words),  A Box.” (subpoem 11, 302 words),  A Plate.” (257 words),  A Chair.” (256 words), Stein’s strategy seems different from other particularly mysterious subpoems like “A Substance in a Cushion.”, “A Piece of Coffee.”, or the short “Malachite.” (18 words).


The Buttons Collective has looked at "A Little Called Pauline." from lots of perspectives:

--Pauline as Pauline Laurencin, mother of artist Marie Laurencin,  a lifelong friend of Stein & Toklas
--Pauline as activist Pauline Newman, who had worked at the ill-fated Triangle Shirtwaist factory
--The overall subpoem in connection with the literary work of Guillaume Apollinaire, especially his poem "Zone."
--The overall subpoem from fairytale and myth.
--The overall subpoem as depiction of birth of a child.
--The overall subpoem as depiction of birth of a piece of writing.
--The writerly elements of the poem relative to Stein's rhyme, lyricism, and embedded words within words.
--The eroticism of various words.

"A Little Called Pauline." is not the first subpoem of Section 1 to have a person’s name in the title. Subpoem 8 “Mildred’s Umbrella.” refers possibly to Gertrude Stein’s mother who was nicknamed Milly. The “Pauline" and “Mildred” subpoems share elements in common that point to color, sewing and dressing, themes that pop up regularly in the subpoems of Section 1.

So what is it that makes this subpoem seem unlike the others before it? In the odd shadows of all that has come before, the Steiny Road Poet can point with certainty to the stuttering jumble of words at the end: Please could, please could, jam it not plus more sit in when. And Steiny suggests that select vocabulary of this subpoem is a little more exotic from the earlier subpoems, such words as pope, boils, gracious, and fairy. But is that the whole nut? More on Stein’s language play soon. Here in Part 1 of this blog discussion are highlights from the study session relative to Pauline Laurencin, Pauline Newman, and Guillaume Apollinaire:


A LITTLE ON PAULINE LAURENCIN

Pauline Laurencin (1861-1913) was mother of artist Marie Laurencin who was part of Pablo Picasso's circle of close friends and a lifelong friend of Gertrude Stein and Alice Toklas. Never married to Marie’s father Alfred Toulet, Toulet most likely gave Pauline financial assistance to move to and live modestly in Paris, earning a living as a seamstress. Gertrude Stein writes about Pauline and Marie in The Autobiography of Alice B. Toklas as follows:

“Marie Laurencin, leading her strange life and making her strange art, lived with her mother, as if the two were living in a convent. The small apartment was filled with needlework which the mother had executed after the designs of Marie Laurencin. Marie and her mother acted toward each other exactly as a young nun with an older one.”

How does this single mom of an artist relate to the subpoem? 

Single mom, making modest livingè No cut in pennies and little dressing, A little lace, a stamp a blue green white bow, Bidding a wedding, widening received treading, little leading, mention nothing. (Pauline works alone without partner or boss, making pennies, making or repairing the small things a seamstress does. She adds a little lace and her signature bows in various colors. Occasionally she gets a bigger job like one for a wedding where her pedal sewing machine is used but it is done under the table, she doesn’t flaunt this additional income.)

Other elements that add to the Pauline Laurencin story:
   There is no pope. (The cloistered mother and daughter operate without pope/male head of the family.)
   A peaceful life to arise her, moon and moon and moon. A letter a cold sleeve a blanket a shaving house and nearly the best and regular window. (Pauline has an understanding with Alfred Toulet who is represented in this passage by the letter, cold sleeve, shaving house. The understanding is that she won’t tell the higher society he lives in about his illegitimate daughter as long as she can maintain her best and regular window in her tiny Paris flat where she can live a peaceful life.)
   Cough out cough out (By the time Stein writes this subpoem, Pauline has died, coughed her last and perhaps that collection of words that makes up the last stanza is Marie mourning: Please could, please could, jam it not plus more sit in when.


A PARALLEL PAULINE STORY


Buttons Collective member Eleanor made a case as follows for another contemporary of Stein’s who was an American activist in the garment industry.

“Perhaps Pauline is also Pauline Newman. The rhythm of the sewing machines reverberates throughout the poem, as does the strength (violence even) of this "frail-looking little woman who is hailed as the...east side Joan of Arc". Interestingly, Joan of Arc's beatification occurred in 1909, but only a Pope can canonize—There is no pope., and this [canonization of Jeanne d’Arc] didn't occur until 1920.”

A side note to Pauline Newman’s story is that because she had worked in the Triangle Shirtwaist Dress factory, it is logical for the Buttons Collective to link Newman to “A Little Called Pauline.” since the Buttons had already discussed the fire at the Triangle Shirtwaist factory in subpoem 14 “A Long Dress.”


WHAT POPPED UP IN POPE

When Karren Alenier [a.k.a. Steiny] decided during the study discussion to get a definition for pope, she found something unexpected in thefreedictionary.com:

pope  (pōp)
n.
1. often Pope Roman Catholic Church The bishop of Rome and head of the Roman Catholic Church on earth.
2. Eastern Orthodox Church The patriarch of Alexandria.
3. The Coptic patriarch of Alexandria.
4. The male head of some non-Christian religions: the Taoist pope.
5. A person considered to have unquestioned authority: the pope of surrealism.

The example given for item 5, a person of unquestioned authority, related to surrealism. This made Steiny think that pope was a popular term in Stein's and Apollinaire's day. André Breton is known as the pope of surrealism and was one of Apollinaire's and Picasso's friends. However, Stein wasn't into surrealism and maybe she was being negative about Breton—There is no pope.

Stein might also have been referring to the fact that neither Marie Laurencin nor Marie’s lover Guillaume Apollinaire had recognized fathers when they were growing up. The joke in Picasso's circle was that Apollinaire was the bastard son of a pope.